Q: the laptop battery a long-term need, it should be how to preserve?
A: Charge or discharge to about 40%, and then placed in temperature of 15 to 25 degrees Celsius dry preservation, the temperature is too high and too low are easy to accelerate cell aging.
Q: The battery does not remove the books to each power supply will you?
A: It does not matter, the laptop battery(inspiron 1520 battery) protection circuit again, full of will not continue to charge.
Q: My battery is now only a very short period of time, how should I do?
A: If you've been in the frequent use of the battery, then it belongs to cell aging, which can not be avoided, you can only consider the change a new battery or if the replacement batteries batteries; If you do not have battery long-term, may also lead to this phenomenon, this time need to completely discharge (up to fail to boot up) and then full power, repeated several times to activate the inspiron 1520 battery.
Q: laptop universal power adapter can do?
A: No, there are three obstacles, the first is the notebook computer manufacturers use various different voltage, such as IBM are 16V, COMPAQ mostly 18.5V, SONY part of the model is 19.5V, are inconsistent. The second is different from the needs of current laptop is different from the 2A ~ 5.4A have a small machine needs a smaller current, big machine in the latter case. The third is the various manufacturers notebook power adapter interfaces are different, it is difficult general. Therefore, at present do not yet common to all the notebook power adapter .
Q: How should the new machine bought charging it? How do I maintain the battery?
A: Lithium (ion) battery vostro 1500 battery is the need to maintain a certain electromotive force to maintain its internal chemical activity. Therefore, to achieve full charge when the full release, in general, the first three can be a period of about six hours of charge time will be tight, like electric charge to 100%. To avoid the use of point charge, less than 10% of the time to charge a timely manner and not to be exhausted, so that the battery but there is injury; also higher than 60%, also try not to charge. A long time without battery applied to about 50% of electricity at room temperature and dry environment preservation.
Q: Why does my IBM laptop is always in use when the vostro 1500 battery power than with the low brightness when a file?
A: This is the IBM default settings for random power management is aimed at energy-saving:), if you do not like it, you can control software in IBM's ThinkPad Configuration Utility, select LCD project, then changed to High brightness from Normal.
2011年4月30日星期六
2011年4月27日星期三
Knowledge of batteries maintenance
Laptop battery life is longer, often dissatisfied with the charge, or even show damage, if coupled with maintenance of normal laptop battery has not done enough good, even more accelerated pace of aging of the laptop battery! Therefore, attention must be used in a number of maintenance tips.
Laptop battery life not by the length of the total duration of use, but by the charge and discharge times to decide. This is the importance of maintenance of laptop battery - Li-ion laptop battery life by charging and discharging to determine the number of times! If you are using a laptop when the battery has been loaded to a notebook instead of taking down, then even if the machine shut down and remove the After the AC power supply, the gd761 battery ,KD476 will not as you imagine, as always maintained when fully charged state. Because the laptop battery is used in an integrated control circuit, even when the computer is also shut down power consumption. 1 AC power is connected, this time the battery is not full capacity, so it will soon start charging. In this way, whenever the power turned on or off, your laptop battery will be repeated charge and discharge, shortening the battery life, which is maintained in a laptop battery bogey.
When using the AC external power supply is best to unplug the gd761 battery ,KD476. Moreover, the laptop battery a long time in a fever state will have an impact on their life. In order to maintain long-term non-use of laptop battery, please charge and discharge at least once a month to ensure that the battery activity. At the same time we must pay attention when the battery in the custody of a problem. That is, the vast majority of laptop battery currently used in lithium-ion batteries do not use the words, if a long time, often prone to the phenomenon of excessive discharge, may no longer be able to recharge the battery on the laptop. In order to prevent over-discharge the battery can be charged in the semi-state of the battery stored in the shade, and then every six months, and then to half of its electricity charge state. Laptop battery storage battery maintenance bogey too long, and even damage the battery over-discharge the battery.
Then the battery can be maintained in accordance with the following steps:
Disable the screen saver;
In the Windows Power Management power scheme will be set to "always open";
In the Alert tab will be "insufficient power warning" is set to 10%, the operation is set to "no action";
will be "a serious power shortage alert," set to 3%, operating as a "pending";
the screen brightness to the maximum;
confirmed that closed all the windows, and keep all the previous work of the data;
confirmed that over 80% gd761 battery ,KD476 charge after the unplug the power and all external devices.
Discharge after the notebook will automatically shut down after the power plug for laptop charging, this process can be repeated 2 to 3 times to let thegd761 battery ,KD476continuous low current discharge, which discharge status in our daily use is not possible to achieve , the effects of the discharge and those dedicated basically the same software.
Laptop battery life not by the length of the total duration of use, but by the charge and discharge times to decide. This is the importance of maintenance of laptop battery - Li-ion laptop battery life by charging and discharging to determine the number of times! If you are using a laptop when the battery has been loaded to a notebook instead of taking down, then even if the machine shut down and remove the After the AC power supply, the gd761 battery ,KD476 will not as you imagine, as always maintained when fully charged state. Because the laptop battery is used in an integrated control circuit, even when the computer is also shut down power consumption. 1 AC power is connected, this time the battery is not full capacity, so it will soon start charging. In this way, whenever the power turned on or off, your laptop battery will be repeated charge and discharge, shortening the battery life, which is maintained in a laptop battery bogey.
When using the AC external power supply is best to unplug the gd761 battery ,KD476. Moreover, the laptop battery a long time in a fever state will have an impact on their life. In order to maintain long-term non-use of laptop battery, please charge and discharge at least once a month to ensure that the battery activity. At the same time we must pay attention when the battery in the custody of a problem. That is, the vast majority of laptop battery currently used in lithium-ion batteries do not use the words, if a long time, often prone to the phenomenon of excessive discharge, may no longer be able to recharge the battery on the laptop. In order to prevent over-discharge the battery can be charged in the semi-state of the battery stored in the shade, and then every six months, and then to half of its electricity charge state. Laptop battery storage battery maintenance bogey too long, and even damage the battery over-discharge the battery.
Then the battery can be maintained in accordance with the following steps:
Discharge after the notebook will automatically shut down after the power plug for laptop charging, this process can be repeated 2 to 3 times to let thegd761 battery ,KD476continuous low current discharge, which discharge status in our daily use is not possible to achieve , the effects of the discharge and those dedicated basically the same software.
2011年4月26日星期二
Maximize Laptop Battery Life
Most laptop batteries last 18-24 months with average use. This is equivalent to 500-800 charging cycles. Average use of a battery will eventually drain the battery’s ability to hold a charge or there may be some adjustments that you can make to get better performance from your battery. However, if your battery is old and is getting less than half of it’s original run-time, then it may be time for a new laptop battery. If you use your laptop battery everyday, use it for gaming, video streaming and are on WiFi constantly, the laptop will drain the battery run-time and over all life much quicker.
NiCad, NiMH and Li-Ion batteries self-discharge during storage Batteries need to be broken in before use. If you don’t plan on using the battery for at least a month or more, the battery should be stored in a cool dry place. Do not leave the inspiron 15 battery inserted in the laptop for long periods of time with the AC/DC adapter plugged in constantly charging the battery. Not only will this reduce the battery’s life, it can over charge the battery and damage the laptop.
Keep your Batteries Clean
Cleaning dirty battery contacts with a cotton swab and alcohol will help maintain good connections between inspiron 15 battery and the electronic device.Exercise the Battery
Condition the battery at least once a month. If your inspiron 15 battery has not been used for a long period of time, perform the new battery break in procedure described above (condition).Laptop Battery Storage
NiCad, NiMH and Li-Ion batteries self-discharge during storage Batteries need to be broken in before use. If you don’t plan on using the battery for at least a month or more, the battery should be stored in a cool dry place. Do not leave the inspiron 15 battery inserted in the laptop for long periods of time with the AC/DC adapter plugged in constantly charging the battery. Not only will this reduce the battery’s life, it can over charge the battery and damage the laptop.
Condition New Batteries
New laptop batteries come in a discharged condition and must be fully charged before use. It is recommended that you fully charge the battery to 100% and let the laptop battery discharge completely on its own. Repeat this procedure 3-4 times to break in the battery and so each battery cell can reach it’s full charging potential. Then condition or exercise the battery at least once a month. Li-Ion battery need only be drained to about 40%, not a full discharge for monthly maintenance, however constant shallow charges should still be avoided. Sometimes it’s not conditioning that the battery needs, but a battery recalibration. Constant shallow charging will confuse the battery and it may need to be re-calibrated. For more information on how to recalibrate your battery visit this link. BIOS Says to Recalibrate My Laptop Battery.Avoid Memory Effect
Keep your laptop battery healthy by fully charging and then fully discharging it at least once a month. Li-Ion batteries do not suffer from the memory effect, but they too still need conditioning at least once a month with a discharge to about 40% and should not be overcharged.Remove Battery when Using AC/DC Power Source
Laptop batteries are in constant charge and discharge state when you have the AC/DC adapter plugged into the computer and using the computer with the inspiron 1525 battery installed. Removing the battery while using the AC/DC adapter will help prolong the life span of the battery since most last 500-800 charging cycles or 18-24 months. These frequent shallow charges do not allow all of the battery cells to properly condition for optimum battery performance.Don’t Mix Chargers & AC/DC Adapters
Not all laptops of the same brand use the same type of charger/adapter. Do not assume that the same charger your friend uses on his lenovo will be the correct one for you model of Toshiba. Every laptop requires it’s own specific specs and both the in and out source specifications Amps and Volts must be correct for your laptop model and battery chemistry. Mixing or using the wrong charger can damage the inspiron 1525 battery and the laptop. You may not notice any difference at first, but the laptop or battery may show signs of a problems later. Do not use a swollen battery. Carefully remove and contact a local recycle center or repair shop for advice on discarding the battery.Reduce or Set Your Laptop to Battery Saver Mode
Most laptops allow you to adjust the settings to battery saver mode. Turning down the monitor brightness and turning off programs running in the background will also help in reducing drain on the battery. Remember that WiFi, Gaming and Video Streaming eats up a lot of inspiron 1525 battery power. We recommend using the AC/DC adapter when you can if on WiFi, Gaming and Streaming Video.2011年4月24日星期日
largest production of Battery
Today, Yichun News (Reporter para Chunxiu) November 9, Jiangxi Province, Li-ion New Energy and Industrial Base in Yichun park grand opening, marking the Yichun to create “Asian lithium-all” the goal one step closer. The nation’s first officially settled in Lithium-Ion battery industrial base Yichun .
The development of new energy lithium battery(gk479 , fk890 ) industrial base to follow the world’s new energy, new materials, new impetus for development and utilization of new trends, particularly in lithium battery research and development is of concern in. Lithium-Ion battery of new energy industries have been the Jiangxi provincial committee and government attach great importance to have been included in Jiangxi Province, four multi-billion dollar projects and provincial key development industries. November 9, the nation’s first officially settled in Lithium-Ion battery industrial base Yichun, Jiangxi province.
Lithium Jiangxi Province New Energy and Industrial Base planning area of 20 square kilometers (30,000 acres), in just a few months, new energy has been the United States, China’s home, Foster and other power projects in more than 20 lithium-signed admission contract signing more than 10 billion yuan of funds.
Relevant responsible person said that the first phase (2009-2012), the lithium gk479 , fk890 of new energy industries and strive to reach 8.0 billion before the end of 2012; second phase (2013-2015 years) Lithium-Ion battery of new energy industries beginning to take shape, and strive to the end of 2015 the previous year output value of 300 billion yuan; third phase (2016-2020), the formation of relatively complete lithium new energy industry cluster, and strive to break through the end of 2020 output value of 100 billion yuan the previous year.
According to reports, Yichun Ta-Nb ore is not only the country’s largest tantalum and niobium, but also the world’s largest lithium mine, is now proven recoverable reserves of lithium oxide is 110 million tons, accounting for 31% of the world’s 12%. This lithiumgk479 , fk890 industry in the development of Jiangxi has laid a solid raw material supply base, but also for Li Yichun to build Asia provide a strong opportunity.
At present, the Yichun Ta-Nb ore expansion ongoing transformation of the project is completed, the annual output of mineral lithium mica up to 16 million metric tons, can be processed extract the main raw materials lithium batteries lithium carbonate 15000-20000 t, the output Last year close to 50%.
To achieve the “Asian lithium-all” this goal, Yichun and strive to 3-5 years, production of lithium carbonate reach 2 million tons, to become Asia’s largest lithium production base, lithium carbonate all in the local processing “digest”, an annual production capacity 200,000 tons, 50 million units of large-scale production of lithium batteries, so that Yichun gradually become the driving force of China’s largest lithium battery production base.
In addition, through the efforts of five years or so, Yichun will establish an annual output of 500,000 lithium-electric cars, industrial base, so that small lithium battery to reach an annual output of 350,000 cars over the scale of large buses to reach an annual output of more than 50000 scale, so that part of the industry, annual production value of 1,000 billion yuan.
The development of new energy lithium battery(gk479 , fk890 ) industrial base to follow the world’s new energy, new materials, new impetus for development and utilization of new trends, particularly in lithium battery research and development is of concern in. Lithium-Ion battery of new energy industries have been the Jiangxi provincial committee and government attach great importance to have been included in Jiangxi Province, four multi-billion dollar projects and provincial key development industries. November 9, the nation’s first officially settled in Lithium-Ion battery industrial base Yichun, Jiangxi province.
Lithium Jiangxi Province New Energy and Industrial Base planning area of 20 square kilometers (30,000 acres), in just a few months, new energy has been the United States, China’s home, Foster and other power projects in more than 20 lithium-signed admission contract signing more than 10 billion yuan of funds.
Relevant responsible person said that the first phase (2009-2012), the lithium gk479 , fk890 of new energy industries and strive to reach 8.0 billion before the end of 2012; second phase (2013-2015 years) Lithium-Ion battery of new energy industries beginning to take shape, and strive to the end of 2015 the previous year output value of 300 billion yuan; third phase (2016-2020), the formation of relatively complete lithium new energy industry cluster, and strive to break through the end of 2020 output value of 100 billion yuan the previous year.
According to reports, Yichun Ta-Nb ore is not only the country’s largest tantalum and niobium, but also the world’s largest lithium mine, is now proven recoverable reserves of lithium oxide is 110 million tons, accounting for 31% of the world’s 12%. This lithiumgk479 , fk890 industry in the development of Jiangxi has laid a solid raw material supply base, but also for Li Yichun to build Asia provide a strong opportunity.
At present, the Yichun Ta-Nb ore expansion ongoing transformation of the project is completed, the annual output of mineral lithium mica up to 16 million metric tons, can be processed extract the main raw materials lithium batteries lithium carbonate 15000-20000 t, the output Last year close to 50%.
To achieve the “Asian lithium-all” this goal, Yichun and strive to 3-5 years, production of lithium carbonate reach 2 million tons, to become Asia’s largest lithium production base, lithium carbonate all in the local processing “digest”, an annual production capacity 200,000 tons, 50 million units of large-scale production of lithium batteries, so that Yichun gradually become the driving force of China’s largest lithium battery production base.
In addition, through the efforts of five years or so, Yichun will establish an annual output of 500,000 lithium-electric cars, industrial base, so that small lithium battery to reach an annual output of 350,000 cars over the scale of large buses to reach an annual output of more than 50000 scale, so that part of the industry, annual production value of 1,000 billion yuan.
Lithium-ion Safety Concerns
When Sony introduced the first lithium-ion battery in 1991, they knew of the potential safety risks. A recall of the previously released rechargeable metallic lithium battery was a bleak reminder of the discipline one must exercise when dealing with this high energy-dense battery system.
Pioneering work for the lithium battery began in 1912, but is was not until the early 1970's when the first non-rechargeable lithium batteries,inspiron 640m battery ,inspiron e1405 battery became commercially available. Attempts to develop rechargeable lithium batteries followed in the eighties. These early models were based on metallic lithium and offered very high energy density. However, inherent instabilities of lithium metal, especially during charging, put a damper on the development. The cell had the potential of a thermal run-away. The temperature would quickly rise to the melting point of the metallic lithium and cause a violent reaction. A large quantity of rechargeable lithium batteries had to be recalled in 1991 after the pack in a cellular phone released hot gases and inflicted burns to a man's face.
Because of the inherent instability of lithium metal, research shifted to a non-metallic lithium battery using lithium ions. Although slightly lower in energy density, the lithium-ion system is safe, providing certain precautions are met when charging and discharging. Today, lithium-ion is one of the most successful and safe battery chemistries available. Two billion cells are produced every year.
Lithium-ion cells with cobalt cathodes hold twice the energy of a nickel-based battery and four-times that of lead acid. Lithium-ion is a low maintenance system, an advantage that most other chemistries cannot claim. There is no memory and the inspiron e1405 battery does not require scheduled cycling to prolong its life. Nor does lithium-ion have the sulfation problem of lead acid that occurs when the battery is stored without periodic topping charge. Lithium-ion has a low self-discharge and is environmentally friendly. Disposal causes minimal harm.
Long battery runtimes have always been the wish of many consumers. Battery manufacturers responded by packing more active material into a cell and making the electrodes and separator thinner. This enabled a doubling of energy density since lithium-ion was introduced in 1991.
The high energy density comes at a price. Manufacturing methods become more critical the denser the cells become. With a separator thickness of only 20-25μm, any small intrusion of metallic dust particles can have devastating consequences. Appropriate measures will be needed to achieve the mandated safety standard set forth by UL 1642. Whereas a nail penetration test could be tolerated on the older 18650 cell with a capacity of 1.35Ah, today's high-density 2.4Ah cell would become a bomb when performing the same test. UL 1642 does not require nail penetration. Lithium-ion batteries are nearing their theoretical energy density limit and battery manufacturers are beginning to focus on improving manufacturing methods and increasing safety.
Recall of lithium-ion batteries,inspiron e1405 battery ,inspiron 640m battery With the high usage of lithium-ion in cell phones, digital cameras and laptops, there are bound to be issues. A one-in-200,000 failure rate triggered a recall of almost six million lithium-ion packs used in laptops manufactured by Dell and Apple. Heat related battery failures are taken very seriously and manufacturers chose a conservative approach. The decision to replace the batteries puts the consumer at ease and lawyers at bay. Let's now take a look at what's behind the recall.
Sony Energy Devices (Sony), the maker of the lithium-ion cells in question, says that on rare occasions microscopic metal particles may come into contact with other parts of the battery cell, leading to a short circuit within the cell. Although battery manufacturers strive to minimize the presence of metallic particles, complex assembly techniques make the elimination of all metallic dust nearly impossible.
Safety level of lithium-ion systems
There are two basic types of lithium-ion chemistries: cobalt and manganese (spinel). To achieve maximum runtime, cell phones, digital cameras and laptops use cobalt-based lithium-ion. Manganese is the newer of the two chemistries and offers superior thermal stability. It can sustain temperatures of up to 250°C (482°F) before becoming unstable. In addition, manganese has a very low internal resistance and can deliver high current on demand. Increasingly, these batteries are used for power tools and medical devices. Hybrid and electric vehicles will be next.
The drawback of spinel is lower energy density. Typically, a cell made of a pure manganese cathode provides only about half the capacity of cobalt. Cell phone and laptop users would not be happy if their batteries quit halfway through the expected runtime. To find a workable compromise between high energy density, operational safety and good current delivery, manufacturers of lithium-ion batteries,inspiron 640m battery can mix the metals. Typical cathode materials are cobalt, nickel, manganese and iron phosphate.
Let me assure the reader that lithium-ion batteries are safe and heat related failures are rare. The battery manufacturers achieve this high reliability by adding three layers of protection. They are: [1] limiting the amount of active material to achieve a workable equilibrium of energy density and safety; [2] inclusion of various safety mechanisms within the cell; and [3] the addition of an electronic protection circuit in the battery pack.
These protection devices work in the following ways: The PTC device built into the cell acts as a protection to inhibit high current surges; the circuit interrupt device (CID) opens the electrical path if an excessively high charge voltage raises the internal cell pressure to 10 Bar (150 psi); and the safety vent allows a controlled release of gas in the event of a rapid increase in cell pressure. In addition to the mechanical safeguards, the electronic protection circuit external to the cells opens a solid-state switch if the charge voltage of any cell reaches 4.30V. A fuse cuts the current flow if the skin temperature of the cell approaches 90°C (194°F). To prevent the battery from over-discharging, the control circuit cuts off the current path at about 2.50V/cell. In some applications, the higher inherent safety of the spinel system permits the exclusion of the electric circuit. In such a case, the battery relies wholly on the protection devices that are built into the cell.
We need to keep in mind that these safety precautions are only effective if the mode of operation comes from the outside, such as with an electrical short or a faulty charger. Under normal circumstances, a lithium-ion battery will simply power down when a short circuit occurs. If, however, a defect is inherent to the electrochemical cell, such as in contamination caused by microscopic metal particles, this anomaly will go undetected. Nor can the safety circuit stop the disintegration once the cell is in thermal runaway mode. Nothing can stop it once triggered.
A major concern arises if static electricity or a faulty charger has destroyed the battery's protection circuit. Such damage can permanently fuse the solid-state switches in an ON position without the user knowing. A battery with a faulty protection circuit may function normally but does not provide protection against abuse.
Another safety issue is cold temperature charging. Consumer grade lithium-ion batteries cannot be charged below 0°C (32°F). Although the packs appear to be charging normally, plating of metallic lithium occurs on the anode while on a sub-freezing charge. The plating is permanent and cannot be removed. If done repeatedly, such damage can compromise the safety of the pack. The battery will become more vulnerable to failure if subjected to impact, crush or high rate charging.
Asia produces many non-brand replacement batteries,inspiron 640m battery ,inspiron e1405 battery that are popular with cell phone users because of low price. Many of these batteries don't provide the same high safety standard as the main brand equivalent. A wise shopper spends a little more and replaces the battery with an approved model. Figure 1 shows a cell phone that was destroyed while charging in a car. The owner believes that a no-name pack caused the destruction.
2011年4月23日星期六
Lithium-ion Safety Concerns
When Sony introduced the first lithium-ion battery in 1991, they knew of the potential safety risks. A recall of the previously released rechargeable metallic lithium battery was a bleak reminder of the discipline one must exercise when dealing with this high energy-dense battery system.
Pioneering work for the lithium battery began in 1912, but is was not until the early 1970's when the first non-rechargeable lithium batteries,inspiron 640m battery ,inspiron e1405 battery became commercially available. Attempts to develop rechargeable lithium batteries followed in the eighties. These early models were based on metallic lithium and offered very high energy density. However, inherent instabilities of lithium metal, especially during charging, put a damper on the development. The cell had the potential of a thermal run-away. The temperature would quickly rise to the melting point of the metallic lithium and cause a violent reaction. A large quantity of rechargeable lithium batteries had to be recalled in 1991 after the pack in a cellular phone released hot gases and inflicted burns to a man's face.
Because of the inherent instability of lithium metal, research shifted to a non-metallic lithium battery using lithium ions. Although slightly lower in energy density, the lithium-ion system is safe, providing certain precautions are met when charging and discharging. Today, lithium-ion is one of the most successful and safe battery chemistries available. Two billion cells are produced every year.
Lithium-ion cells with cobalt cathodes hold twice the energy of a nickel-based battery and four-times that of lead acid. Lithium-ion is a low maintenance system, an advantage that most other chemistries cannot claim. There is no memory and the inspiron e1405 battery does not require scheduled cycling to prolong its life. Nor does lithium-ion have the sulfation problem of lead acid that occurs when the battery is stored without periodic topping charge. Lithium-ion has a low self-discharge and is environmentally friendly. Disposal causes minimal harm.
Long battery runtimes have always been the wish of many consumers. Battery manufacturers responded by packing more active material into a cell and making the electrodes and separator thinner. This enabled a doubling of energy density since lithium-ion was introduced in 1991.
The high energy density comes at a price. Manufacturing methods become more critical the denser the cells become. With a separator thickness of only 20-25µm, any small intrusion of metallic dust particles can have devastating consequences. Appropriate measures will be needed to achieve the mandated safety standard set forth by UL 1642. Whereas a nail penetration test could be tolerated on the older 18650 cell with a capacity of 1.35Ah, today's high-density 2.4Ah cell would become a bomb when performing the same test. UL 1642 does not require nail penetration. Lithium-ion batteries are nearing their theoretical energy density limit and battery manufacturers are beginning to focus on improving manufacturing methods and increasing safety.
Recall of lithium-ion batteries,inspiron e1405 battery ,inspiron 640m battery With the high usage of lithium-ion in cell phones, digital cameras and laptops, there are bound to be issues. A one-in-200,000 failure rate triggered a recall of almost six million lithium-ion packs used in laptops manufactured by Dell and Apple. Heat related battery failures are taken very seriously and manufacturers chose a conservative approach. The decision to replace the batteries puts the consumer at ease and lawyers at bay. Let's now take a look at what's behind the recall.
Sony Energy Devices (Sony), the maker of the lithium-ion cells in question, says that on rare occasions microscopic metal particles may come into contact with other parts of the battery cell, leading to a short circuit within the cell. Although battery manufacturers strive to minimize the presence of metallic particles, complex assembly techniques make the elimination of all metallic dust nearly impossible.
Safety level of lithium-ion systems
There are two basic types of lithium-ion chemistries: cobalt and manganese (spinel). To achieve maximum runtime, cell phones, digital cameras and laptops use cobalt-based lithium-ion. Manganese is the newer of the two chemistries and offers superior thermal stability. It can sustain temperatures of up to 250°C (482°F) before becoming unstable. In addition, manganese has a very low internal resistance and can deliver high current on demand. Increasingly, these batteries are used for power tools and medical devices. Hybrid and electric vehicles will be next.
The drawback of spinel is lower energy density. Typically, a cell made of a pure manganese cathode provides only about half the capacity of cobalt. Cell phone and laptop users would not be happy if their batteries quit halfway through the expected runtime. To find a workable compromise between high energy density, operational safety and good current delivery, manufacturers of lithium-ion batteries,inspiron 640m battery can mix the metals. Typical cathode materials are cobalt, nickel, manganese and iron phosphate.
Let me assure the reader that lithium-ion batteries are safe and heat related failures are rare. The battery manufacturers achieve this high reliability by adding three layers of protection. They are: [1] limiting the amount of active material to achieve a workable equilibrium of energy density and safety; [2] inclusion of various safety mechanisms within the cell; and [3] the addition of an electronic protection circuit in the battery pack.
These protection devices work in the following ways: The PTC device built into the cell acts as a protection to inhibit high current surges; the circuit interrupt device (CID) opens the electrical path if an excessively high charge voltage raises the internal cell pressure to 10 Bar (150 psi); and the safety vent allows a controlled release of gas in the event of a rapid increase in cell pressure. In addition to the mechanical safeguards, the electronic protection circuit external to the cells opens a solid-state switch if the charge voltage of any cell reaches 4.30V. A fuse cuts the current flow if the skin temperature of the cell approaches 90°C (194°F). To prevent the battery from over-discharging, the control circuit cuts off the current path at about 2.50V/cell. In some applications, the higher inherent safety of the spinel system permits the exclusion of the electric circuit. In such a case, the battery relies wholly on the protection devices that are built into the cell.
We need to keep in mind that these safety precautions are only effective if the mode of operation comes from the outside, such as with an electrical short or a faulty charger. Under normal circumstances, a lithium-ion battery will simply power down when a short circuit occurs. If, however, a defect is inherent to the electrochemical cell, such as in contamination caused by microscopic metal particles, this anomaly will go undetected. Nor can the safety circuit stop the disintegration once the cell is in thermal runaway mode. Nothing can stop it once triggered.
A major concern arises if static electricity or a faulty charger has destroyed the battery's protection circuit. Such damage can permanently fuse the solid-state switches in an ON position without the user knowing. A battery with a faulty protection circuit may function normally but does not provide protection against abuse.
Another safety issue is cold temperature charging. Consumer grade lithium-ion batteries cannot be charged below 0°C (32°F). Although the packs appear to be charging normally, plating of metallic lithium occurs on the anode while on a sub-freezing charge. The plating is permanent and cannot be removed. If done repeatedly, such damage can compromise the safety of the pack. The battery will become more vulnerable to failure if subjected to impact, crush or high rate charging.
Asia produces many non-brand replacement batteries,inspiron 640m battery ,inspiron e1405 battery that are popular with cell phone users because of low price. Many of these batteries don't provide the same high safety standard as the main brand equivalent. A wise shopper spends a little more and replaces the battery with an approved model. Figure 1 shows a cell phone that was destroyed while charging in a car. The owner believes that a no-name pack caused the destruction.
Pioneering work for the lithium battery began in 1912, but is was not until the early 1970's when the first non-rechargeable lithium batteries,inspiron 640m battery ,inspiron e1405 battery became commercially available. Attempts to develop rechargeable lithium batteries followed in the eighties. These early models were based on metallic lithium and offered very high energy density. However, inherent instabilities of lithium metal, especially during charging, put a damper on the development. The cell had the potential of a thermal run-away. The temperature would quickly rise to the melting point of the metallic lithium and cause a violent reaction. A large quantity of rechargeable lithium batteries had to be recalled in 1991 after the pack in a cellular phone released hot gases and inflicted burns to a man's face.
Because of the inherent instability of lithium metal, research shifted to a non-metallic lithium battery using lithium ions. Although slightly lower in energy density, the lithium-ion system is safe, providing certain precautions are met when charging and discharging. Today, lithium-ion is one of the most successful and safe battery chemistries available. Two billion cells are produced every year.
Lithium-ion cells with cobalt cathodes hold twice the energy of a nickel-based battery and four-times that of lead acid. Lithium-ion is a low maintenance system, an advantage that most other chemistries cannot claim. There is no memory and the inspiron e1405 battery does not require scheduled cycling to prolong its life. Nor does lithium-ion have the sulfation problem of lead acid that occurs when the battery is stored without periodic topping charge. Lithium-ion has a low self-discharge and is environmentally friendly. Disposal causes minimal harm.
Long battery runtimes have always been the wish of many consumers. Battery manufacturers responded by packing more active material into a cell and making the electrodes and separator thinner. This enabled a doubling of energy density since lithium-ion was introduced in 1991.
The high energy density comes at a price. Manufacturing methods become more critical the denser the cells become. With a separator thickness of only 20-25µm, any small intrusion of metallic dust particles can have devastating consequences. Appropriate measures will be needed to achieve the mandated safety standard set forth by UL 1642. Whereas a nail penetration test could be tolerated on the older 18650 cell with a capacity of 1.35Ah, today's high-density 2.4Ah cell would become a bomb when performing the same test. UL 1642 does not require nail penetration. Lithium-ion batteries are nearing their theoretical energy density limit and battery manufacturers are beginning to focus on improving manufacturing methods and increasing safety.
Recall of lithium-ion batteries,inspiron e1405 battery ,inspiron 640m battery With the high usage of lithium-ion in cell phones, digital cameras and laptops, there are bound to be issues. A one-in-200,000 failure rate triggered a recall of almost six million lithium-ion packs used in laptops manufactured by Dell and Apple. Heat related battery failures are taken very seriously and manufacturers chose a conservative approach. The decision to replace the batteries puts the consumer at ease and lawyers at bay. Let's now take a look at what's behind the recall.
Sony Energy Devices (Sony), the maker of the lithium-ion cells in question, says that on rare occasions microscopic metal particles may come into contact with other parts of the battery cell, leading to a short circuit within the cell. Although battery manufacturers strive to minimize the presence of metallic particles, complex assembly techniques make the elimination of all metallic dust nearly impossible.
Safety level of lithium-ion systems
There are two basic types of lithium-ion chemistries: cobalt and manganese (spinel). To achieve maximum runtime, cell phones, digital cameras and laptops use cobalt-based lithium-ion. Manganese is the newer of the two chemistries and offers superior thermal stability. It can sustain temperatures of up to 250°C (482°F) before becoming unstable. In addition, manganese has a very low internal resistance and can deliver high current on demand. Increasingly, these batteries are used for power tools and medical devices. Hybrid and electric vehicles will be next.
The drawback of spinel is lower energy density. Typically, a cell made of a pure manganese cathode provides only about half the capacity of cobalt. Cell phone and laptop users would not be happy if their batteries quit halfway through the expected runtime. To find a workable compromise between high energy density, operational safety and good current delivery, manufacturers of lithium-ion batteries,inspiron 640m battery can mix the metals. Typical cathode materials are cobalt, nickel, manganese and iron phosphate.
Let me assure the reader that lithium-ion batteries are safe and heat related failures are rare. The battery manufacturers achieve this high reliability by adding three layers of protection. They are: [1] limiting the amount of active material to achieve a workable equilibrium of energy density and safety; [2] inclusion of various safety mechanisms within the cell; and [3] the addition of an electronic protection circuit in the battery pack.
These protection devices work in the following ways: The PTC device built into the cell acts as a protection to inhibit high current surges; the circuit interrupt device (CID) opens the electrical path if an excessively high charge voltage raises the internal cell pressure to 10 Bar (150 psi); and the safety vent allows a controlled release of gas in the event of a rapid increase in cell pressure. In addition to the mechanical safeguards, the electronic protection circuit external to the cells opens a solid-state switch if the charge voltage of any cell reaches 4.30V. A fuse cuts the current flow if the skin temperature of the cell approaches 90°C (194°F). To prevent the battery from over-discharging, the control circuit cuts off the current path at about 2.50V/cell. In some applications, the higher inherent safety of the spinel system permits the exclusion of the electric circuit. In such a case, the battery relies wholly on the protection devices that are built into the cell.
We need to keep in mind that these safety precautions are only effective if the mode of operation comes from the outside, such as with an electrical short or a faulty charger. Under normal circumstances, a lithium-ion battery will simply power down when a short circuit occurs. If, however, a defect is inherent to the electrochemical cell, such as in contamination caused by microscopic metal particles, this anomaly will go undetected. Nor can the safety circuit stop the disintegration once the cell is in thermal runaway mode. Nothing can stop it once triggered.
A major concern arises if static electricity or a faulty charger has destroyed the battery's protection circuit. Such damage can permanently fuse the solid-state switches in an ON position without the user knowing. A battery with a faulty protection circuit may function normally but does not provide protection against abuse.
Another safety issue is cold temperature charging. Consumer grade lithium-ion batteries cannot be charged below 0°C (32°F). Although the packs appear to be charging normally, plating of metallic lithium occurs on the anode while on a sub-freezing charge. The plating is permanent and cannot be removed. If done repeatedly, such damage can compromise the safety of the pack. The battery will become more vulnerable to failure if subjected to impact, crush or high rate charging.
Asia produces many non-brand replacement batteries,inspiron 640m battery ,inspiron e1405 battery that are popular with cell phone users because of low price. Many of these batteries don't provide the same high safety standard as the main brand equivalent. A wise shopper spends a little more and replaces the battery with an approved model. Figure 1 shows a cell phone that was destroyed while charging in a car. The owner believes that a no-name pack caused the destruction.
2011年4月21日星期四
Dell Sandy Bridge laptop now on sale in UK
Final week we reviewed Dell’s fantastic update to its XPS fifteen laptop computer. Employing Intel’s new Sandy Bridge processors, the revised laptop computer has every thing you might want, and we failed to hesitate in providing it our Final accolade. Study our entire critique of the Dell XPS L502X now.
We’ve since acquired a Dell E-value code for the specification we examined. Although the laptop computer is not advertised openly on Dell’s Uk site, you’ll be able to now pre-order it, having a reasonable 20-day waiting time.
The E-value code is 123456-N00X5M59, so you can enter it now around the Dell E-value page. Greater still, the price has become dropped through the initially quoted ?¨º999 to just GBP 929, which makes it even better worth.
Sadly, at current, there’s no strategy to take away the Blu-ray drive through the specification, as we mooted within our assessment. But for individuals who want the full-blooded version, then you should not hesitate – Charlie Sheen would not.
Hot laptop batteries :
inspiron e1405 battery ，inspiron 15 battery, inspiron 1525 battery , inspiron 1526 battery,inspiron 1545 battery ，inspiron 1440 battery
We’ve since acquired a Dell E-value code for the specification we examined. Although the laptop computer is not advertised openly on Dell’s Uk site, you’ll be able to now pre-order it, having a reasonable 20-day waiting time.
The E-value code is 123456-N00X5M59, so you can enter it now around the Dell E-value page. Greater still, the price has become dropped through the initially quoted ?¨º999 to just GBP 929, which makes it even better worth.
Sadly, at current, there’s no strategy to take away the Blu-ray drive through the specification, as we mooted within our assessment. But for individuals who want the full-blooded version, then you should not hesitate – Charlie Sheen would not.
Hot laptop batteries :
inspiron e1405 battery ，inspiron 15 battery, inspiron 1525 battery , inspiron 1526 battery,inspiron 1545 battery ，inspiron 1440 battery
2011年4月20日星期三
Dell Streak tablet will be listed on the mainland
2011 dell China technology BBS held in Beijing this morning, dell greater China region in media interviews President Yang disclosed, dell Streak tablet computer in mainland China are listed in April, years China will also dell introduce more products.
Mr Yang said, dell Streak tablet computer last September has listed in Hong Kong and China has told its conducted a series of application customization, Streak tablet computer in April in the mainland market, also support officially Wi – Fi and WAPI standard. However, he did not talk about listed prices.
Dell Streak tablet computer launched the first paragraph tablet computer. 2010 June onwards, dell has successively in Britain and the United States launched this tablet computer on the market. Streak tablet computers use Android system, sells for $549.99. If use agreement signed two years with AT&T, sells for $299.99.
Mr Yang said dell China years will also introduce more products.
More laptop news:
xps m140 battery , inspiron 640m battery ,latitude d620 battery ，latitude d820 battery ,inspiron 1440 battery
Mr Yang said, dell Streak tablet computer last September has listed in Hong Kong and China has told its conducted a series of application customization, Streak tablet computer in April in the mainland market, also support officially Wi – Fi and WAPI standard. However, he did not talk about listed prices.
Dell Streak tablet computer launched the first paragraph tablet computer. 2010 June onwards, dell has successively in Britain and the United States launched this tablet computer on the market. Streak tablet computers use Android system, sells for $549.99. If use agreement signed two years with AT&T, sells for $299.99.
Mr Yang said dell China years will also introduce more products.
More laptop news:
xps m140 battery , inspiron 640m battery ,latitude d620 battery ，latitude d820 battery ,inspiron 1440 battery
2011年4月18日星期一
Lithium Battery Technology
According to a Japanese industry investigation firm, the Institute of information Technological innovation (IIT), a recent report forecasts that this year South Korea will replace Japan since the leader in manufacturing of mid-sized to tiny lithium-ion batteries. Japanese suppliers had a stable lead within the worldwide lithium-ion battery(laptop battery) marketplace with the previous twenty many years, with the product promoted being a crucial growth for the electronics marketplace. Sophisticated lithium battery manufacturing has historically been dominated by China, Japan and South Korea, together accounting for up to 98 % of the marketplace previous year.
While Japan’s leadership within the marketplace will continue to be substantial in the near expression, business stake holders and analysts had currently noticed the region was steadily dropping industry share. Japanese manufacturing still controlled 55 % of international superior studio xps 16 battery , studio xps 1640 battery production in 2009, down from 78 % in 2002. Meanwhile, China’s reveal rose to 25 % from eleven % in 2002, and South Korea’s arrived at eighteen % in 2009 from just 6 percent in 2002.
On the end of very last year, the South Korean govt declared strategies to boost supplies of the two resources from Korean-owned mines approximately ten percent of yearly demands this year from 5.5 percent previous 12 months. The objective was to extend stockpiles of about thirty small metals including lithium and scarce earths, for the equivalent of 13.5 days of consumption this yr from 8.1 days very last year. The country is planning to construct a facility in the second 50 % of this year to keep strategic metals these as lithium, with a potential of 35 days of consumption.
Arguably adhering to within the wake with the semiconductor, shipbuilding and Tv industries, South Korean manufacturers show up to be overtaking their Japanese rivals in the lithium-ion studio 15 battery ,studio 1435 battery marketplace. According to IIT, with regards to particular person lithium battery manufacturers, South Korean organizations have currently eclipsed their Japanese rivals. In 2010, eleven many years because South Korea began making the batteries, Samsung SDI overtook Panasonic, by means of subsidiary Sanyo Electrical, to be the world’s top manufacturer with LG Chem climbing to 3rd place. This 12 months the marketplace pattern has become extended with South Korean businesses approximated to command worldwide market place reveal of 38.five percent this yr compared to 38.four % for Japan.
The report signifies South Korean producers Samsung SDI and LG Chem elevated output within the first quarter of this 12 months, although Japanese suppliers lower back again creation.
Lithium-ion batteries at present account for 76 percent with the international marketplace for rechargeable batteries, that’s really worth an believed $18.3 billion this year and anticipated to surge to $95.4 billion by 2020 largely attributed to predicted demand for smartphones and electrical automobiles, in accordance to marketplace scientists.
LG Chem has officially opened what it statements is the world’s greatest electrical car battery plant. Throughout the ceremony, Chief Executive Officer, Kim Bahn-suk offered strong optimism for the plant, “Japan prospects the way in patents and components but Korea is ahead in lithium-ion batteries. LG Chem is top the way.” The Ochang plant, which will have an annual production potential to produce one hundred,000 electrical automobiles, may be the first of 3 vegetation that LG Chem is arranging to create in the following several a long time. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak, GM Vice Chairman Stephen J. Girsky and LG Group Chairman Koo Bon-moo were amongst these readily available to celebrate.
Securing more automakers as consumers and diversifying revenue streams are crucial to guarantee organization sustainability and diversified threat management and LG Chem appears very protected at the least when it comes to consumer channels. LG has currently secured ten carmakers as battery clientele including Ford Motor (NYSE:F), Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors and Renault, along with GM.
LG Chem has doubled its investment program for batteries to $1.eight billion by 2013 as well as elevated its 2015 revenue target for electrical auto batteries to $3.7 billion. The investment could permit LG to increase creation potential to about 350,000 batteries from an approximated one hundred,000 this 12 months. LG can be aiming to manage 25 percent in the international need for electric car batteries,studio 1436 battery ,studio 1535 battery, it stated in a statement.
In accordance to your South Korean federal government, the nation is expecting to export one million electric automobiles by 2015, even though it really is set to supply 1.four million this kind of cars. Seoul has also allotted $1.3 billion like a spending budget for analysis and improvement purchase as component of the government’s initiatives to acquire much more patented technologies in the sector.
While Japan’s leadership within the marketplace will continue to be substantial in the near expression, business stake holders and analysts had currently noticed the region was steadily dropping industry share. Japanese manufacturing still controlled 55 % of international superior studio xps 16 battery , studio xps 1640 battery production in 2009, down from 78 % in 2002. Meanwhile, China’s reveal rose to 25 % from eleven % in 2002, and South Korea’s arrived at eighteen % in 2009 from just 6 percent in 2002.
On the end of very last year, the South Korean govt declared strategies to boost supplies of the two resources from Korean-owned mines approximately ten percent of yearly demands this year from 5.5 percent previous 12 months. The objective was to extend stockpiles of about thirty small metals including lithium and scarce earths, for the equivalent of 13.5 days of consumption this yr from 8.1 days very last year. The country is planning to construct a facility in the second 50 % of this year to keep strategic metals these as lithium, with a potential of 35 days of consumption.
Arguably adhering to within the wake with the semiconductor, shipbuilding and Tv industries, South Korean manufacturers show up to be overtaking their Japanese rivals in the lithium-ion studio 15 battery ,studio 1435 battery marketplace. According to IIT, with regards to particular person lithium battery manufacturers, South Korean organizations have currently eclipsed their Japanese rivals. In 2010, eleven many years because South Korea began making the batteries, Samsung SDI overtook Panasonic, by means of subsidiary Sanyo Electrical, to be the world’s top manufacturer with LG Chem climbing to 3rd place. This 12 months the marketplace pattern has become extended with South Korean businesses approximated to command worldwide market place reveal of 38.five percent this yr compared to 38.four % for Japan.
The report signifies South Korean producers Samsung SDI and LG Chem elevated output within the first quarter of this 12 months, although Japanese suppliers lower back again creation.
Lithium-ion batteries at present account for 76 percent with the international marketplace for rechargeable batteries, that’s really worth an believed $18.3 billion this year and anticipated to surge to $95.4 billion by 2020 largely attributed to predicted demand for smartphones and electrical automobiles, in accordance to marketplace scientists.
Automotive marketplace the progress engine
LG Chem has officially opened what it statements is the world’s greatest electrical car battery plant. Throughout the ceremony, Chief Executive Officer, Kim Bahn-suk offered strong optimism for the plant, “Japan prospects the way in patents and components but Korea is ahead in lithium-ion batteries. LG Chem is top the way.” The Ochang plant, which will have an annual production potential to produce one hundred,000 electrical automobiles, may be the first of 3 vegetation that LG Chem is arranging to create in the following several a long time. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak, GM Vice Chairman Stephen J. Girsky and LG Group Chairman Koo Bon-moo were amongst these readily available to celebrate.
Securing more automakers as consumers and diversifying revenue streams are crucial to guarantee organization sustainability and diversified threat management and LG Chem appears very protected at the least when it comes to consumer channels. LG has currently secured ten carmakers as battery clientele including Ford Motor (NYSE:F), Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors and Renault, along with GM.
LG Chem has doubled its investment program for batteries to $1.eight billion by 2013 as well as elevated its 2015 revenue target for electrical auto batteries to $3.7 billion. The investment could permit LG to increase creation potential to about 350,000 batteries from an approximated one hundred,000 this 12 months. LG can be aiming to manage 25 percent in the international need for electric car batteries,studio 1436 battery ,studio 1535 battery, it stated in a statement.
In accordance to your South Korean federal government, the nation is expecting to export one million electric automobiles by 2015, even though it really is set to supply 1.four million this kind of cars. Seoul has also allotted $1.3 billion like a spending budget for analysis and improvement purchase as component of the government’s initiatives to acquire much more patented technologies in the sector.
2011年4月16日星期六
Lithium Battery Technology
According to a Japanese industry investigation firm, the Institute of information Technological innovation (IIT), a recent report forecasts that this year South Korea will replace Japan since the leader in manufacturing of mid-sized to tiny lithium-ion batteries. Japanese suppliers had a stable lead within the worldwide lithium-ion battery(laptop battery) marketplace with the previous twenty many years, with the product promoted being a crucial growth for the electronics marketplace. Sophisticated lithium battery manufacturing has historically been dominated by China, Japan and South Korea, together accounting for up to 98 % of the marketplace previous year.
While Japan’s leadership within the marketplace will continue to be substantial in the near expression, business stake holders and analysts had currently noticed the region was steadily dropping industry share. Japanese manufacturing still controlled 55 % of international superior studio xps 16 battery , studio xps 1640 battery production in 2009, down from 78 % in 2002. Meanwhile, China’s reveal rose to 25 % from eleven % in 2002, and South Korea’s arrived at eighteen % in 2009 from just 6 percent in 2002.
On the end of very last year, the South Korean govt declared strategies to boost supplies of the two resources from Korean-owned mines approximately ten percent of yearly demands this year from 5.5 percent previous 12 months. The objective was to extend stockpiles of about thirty small metals including lithium and scarce earths, for the equivalent of 13.5 days of consumption this yr from 8.1 days very last year. The country is planning to construct a facility in the second 50 % of this year to keep strategic metals these as lithium, with a potential of 35 days of consumption.
Arguably adhering to within the wake with the semiconductor, shipbuilding and Tv industries, South Korean manufacturers show up to be overtaking their Japanese rivals in the lithium-ion studio 15 battery ,studio 1435 battery marketplace. According to IIT, with regards to particular person lithium battery manufacturers, South Korean organizations have currently eclipsed their Japanese rivals. In 2010, eleven many years because South Korea began making the batteries, Samsung SDI overtook Panasonic, by means of subsidiary Sanyo Electrical, to be the world’s top manufacturer with LG Chem climbing to 3rd place. This 12 months the marketplace pattern has become extended with South Korean businesses approximated to command worldwide market place reveal of 38.five percent this yr compared to 38.four % for Japan.
The report signifies South Korean producers Samsung SDI and LG Chem elevated output within the first quarter of this 12 months, although Japanese suppliers lower back again creation.
Lithium-ion batteries at present account for 76 percent with the international marketplace for rechargeable batteries, that’s really worth an believed $18.3 billion this year and anticipated to surge to $95.4 billion by 2020 largely attributed to predicted demand for smartphones and electrical automobiles, in accordance to marketplace scientists.
LG Chem has officially opened what it statements is the world’s greatest electrical car battery plant. Throughout the ceremony, Chief Executive Officer, Kim Bahn-suk offered strong optimism for the plant, “Japan prospects the way in patents and components but Korea is ahead in lithium-ion batteries. LG Chem is top the way.” The Ochang plant, which will have an annual production potential to produce one hundred,000 electrical automobiles, may be the first of 3 vegetation that LG Chem is arranging to create in the following several a long time. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak, GM Vice Chairman Stephen J. Girsky and LG Group Chairman Koo Bon-moo were amongst these readily available to celebrate.
Securing more automakers as consumers and diversifying revenue streams are crucial to guarantee organization sustainability and diversified threat management and LG Chem appears very protected at the least when it comes to consumer channels. LG has currently secured ten carmakers as battery clientele including Ford Motor (NYSE:F), Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors and Renault, along with GM.
LG Chem has doubled its investment program for batteries to $1.eight billion by 2013 as well as elevated its 2015 revenue target for electrical auto batteries to $3.7 billion. The investment could permit LG to increase creation potential to about 350,000 batteries from an approximated one hundred,000 this 12 months. LG can be aiming to manage 25 percent in the international need for electric car batteries,studio 1436 battery ,studio 1535 battery, it stated in a statement.
In accordance to your South Korean federal government, the nation is expecting to export one million electric automobiles by 2015, even though it really is set to supply 1.four million this kind of cars. Seoul has also allotted $1.3 billion like a spending budget for analysis and improvement purchase as component of the government’s initiatives to acquire much more patented technologies in the sector.
While Japan’s leadership within the marketplace will continue to be substantial in the near expression, business stake holders and analysts had currently noticed the region was steadily dropping industry share. Japanese manufacturing still controlled 55 % of international superior studio xps 16 battery , studio xps 1640 battery production in 2009, down from 78 % in 2002. Meanwhile, China’s reveal rose to 25 % from eleven % in 2002, and South Korea’s arrived at eighteen % in 2009 from just 6 percent in 2002.
On the end of very last year, the South Korean govt declared strategies to boost supplies of the two resources from Korean-owned mines approximately ten percent of yearly demands this year from 5.5 percent previous 12 months. The objective was to extend stockpiles of about thirty small metals including lithium and scarce earths, for the equivalent of 13.5 days of consumption this yr from 8.1 days very last year. The country is planning to construct a facility in the second 50 % of this year to keep strategic metals these as lithium, with a potential of 35 days of consumption.
Arguably adhering to within the wake with the semiconductor, shipbuilding and Tv industries, South Korean manufacturers show up to be overtaking their Japanese rivals in the lithium-ion studio 15 battery ,studio 1435 battery marketplace. According to IIT, with regards to particular person lithium battery manufacturers, South Korean organizations have currently eclipsed their Japanese rivals. In 2010, eleven many years because South Korea began making the batteries, Samsung SDI overtook Panasonic, by means of subsidiary Sanyo Electrical, to be the world’s top manufacturer with LG Chem climbing to 3rd place. This 12 months the marketplace pattern has become extended with South Korean businesses approximated to command worldwide market place reveal of 38.five percent this yr compared to 38.four % for Japan.
The report signifies South Korean producers Samsung SDI and LG Chem elevated output within the first quarter of this 12 months, although Japanese suppliers lower back again creation.
Lithium-ion batteries at present account for 76 percent with the international marketplace for rechargeable batteries, that’s really worth an believed $18.3 billion this year and anticipated to surge to $95.4 billion by 2020 largely attributed to predicted demand for smartphones and electrical automobiles, in accordance to marketplace scientists.
Automotive marketplace the progress engine
LG Chem has officially opened what it statements is the world’s greatest electrical car battery plant. Throughout the ceremony, Chief Executive Officer, Kim Bahn-suk offered strong optimism for the plant, “Japan prospects the way in patents and components but Korea is ahead in lithium-ion batteries. LG Chem is top the way.” The Ochang plant, which will have an annual production potential to produce one hundred,000 electrical automobiles, may be the first of 3 vegetation that LG Chem is arranging to create in the following several a long time. South Korean President Lee Myung-bak, GM Vice Chairman Stephen J. Girsky and LG Group Chairman Koo Bon-moo were amongst these readily available to celebrate.
Securing more automakers as consumers and diversifying revenue streams are crucial to guarantee organization sustainability and diversified threat management and LG Chem appears very protected at the least when it comes to consumer channels. LG has currently secured ten carmakers as battery clientele including Ford Motor (NYSE:F), Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors and Renault, along with GM.
LG Chem has doubled its investment program for batteries to $1.eight billion by 2013 as well as elevated its 2015 revenue target for electrical auto batteries to $3.7 billion. The investment could permit LG to increase creation potential to about 350,000 batteries from an approximated one hundred,000 this 12 months. LG can be aiming to manage 25 percent in the international need for electric car batteries,studio 1436 battery ,studio 1535 battery, it stated in a statement.
In accordance to your South Korean federal government, the nation is expecting to export one million electric automobiles by 2015, even though it really is set to supply 1.four million this kind of cars. Seoul has also allotted $1.3 billion like a spending budget for analysis and improvement purchase as component of the government’s initiatives to acquire much more patented technologies in the sector.
2011年4月14日星期四
Test Methods Provide Dissimilar Readings
During the last 20 years, three basic battery rapid test methods have emerged: DC load, AC conductance and multi-frequency electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). All methods are resistance based, a characteristic that reveals the battery's ability to deliver load current. Internal resistance provides useful information in detecting problems and indicating when a battery should be replaced. However, the battery often drops below the critical 80% level set by IEEE before the condition can effectively be detected. Neither does resistance alone provide a linear correlation to the battery's capacity. Rather, the increase of cell resistance relates to aging.
When measuring the internal resistance of brand new VRLA cells from the same batch, variations of 8% between cells are common. Manufacturing process and materials used contribute to the discrepancies. Rather than relying on an absolute resistance reading, service technicians are asked to take a snapshot of the cell resistances when the laptop battery is installed and then measure the subtle changes as the cells age. A 25% increase in resistance over the baseline indicates a performance drop from 100% to about 80%. Battery manufacturers honor warranty replacements if the internal resistance increases by 50%.
Before analyzing the different test methods, let's briefly brush up on internal resistance and impedance, terms that are often used incorrectly when addressing the conductivity of a battery.
Resistance is purely resistive and has no reactance. There is no trailing phase shift because the voltage and current are in unison. A heating element is such a pure resistive load. It works equally well with direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC).
Most electrical loads, including the inspiron e1405 battery, contain a component of reactance. The reactive part of the load varies with frequency. For example, the capacitive reactance of a capacitor decreases with rising frequency. A capacitor is an insulator to DC and no current can pass through. The inductor, on the other hand, acts in the opposite way and its reactance increases with rising frequency. DC presents an electrical short. A battery combines ohmic resistance, as well as capacitive and inductive reactance. The term impedance represents all three types.
The battery may be viewed as a set of electrical elements. Figure 1 illustrates Randles' basic lead-acid battery model in terms of resistors and a capacitor (R1, R2 and C). The inductive reactance is commonly omitted because it plays a negligible role in a battery at low frequency.
Figure 1: Randles model of a lead acid battery.
The overall inspiron 1545 battery resistance consists of pure ohmic resistance, as well as inductive and capacitive reactance. The values of these components are different for every battery tested.
DC load method: The pure ohmic measurement is one of the oldest and most reliable test methods. The instrument applies a load lasting a few seconds. The load current ranges from 25-70 amperes, depending on battery size. The drop in voltage divided by the current provides the resistance value. The readings are very accurate and repeatable. Manufacturers claim resistance readings in the 10 micro-ohm range. During the test, the unit heats up and some cooling will be needed between measurements on continuous use.
Figure 2:DC load method.
The true integrity of the Randles model cannot be seen. R1 and R2 appear as one ohmic value.
AC conductance method: Instead of a DC load, the instrument injects an AC signal into the inspiron e1505 battery. A frequency of between 80-100 hertz is chosen to minimize the reactance. At this frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactance converges, resulting in a minimal voltage lag. Manufacturers of AC conductance equipment claim battery resistance readings to the 50 micro-ohm range. AC conductance gained momentum in 1992; the instruments are small and do not heat up during use.
Figure 3: AC conductance method.
The individual components of the Randles model cannot be distinguished and appear as a blur.
Multi-frequency electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS): Cadex Electronics has developed a rapid-test method based on EIS. Called Spectro, the instrument injects 24 excitation frequencies ranging from 20-2000 Hertz. The sinusoidal signals are regulated at 10mV/cell to remain within the thermal battery voltage of lead acid. This allows consistent readings for small and large batteries.
Figure 4: Spectro method.
R1, R2 and C can be measured separately, enabling the estimation of battery conductivity and capacity
Spectro is the most complex of the three methods. The 20-second test processes 40 million transactions. The instrument is capable of reading to a very low micro-ohms level. With stored matrices as reference, Spectro is capable of providing gk479 , fk890 battery capacity in Ah, conductivity (CCA) and state-of-charge.
The EIS concept is not new. In the past, EIS systems were hooked up to dedicated computers and diverse laboratory equipment. Trained electrochemists were required to interpret the data. Advancements in data analysis automated this process and high-speed signal processors shrunk the technology into a handheld device.
Figure 5 reveals the reserve capacity (RC) readings of 24 car batteries, arranged from low to high on the horizontal axis. The batteries were first tested according to the SAE J537 standard, which includes a full charge, a rest period and a 25A discharge to 1.75V/cell during which the reserve capacity was measured (black diamonds). The tests were then repeated with Spectro (purple squares) using battery-specific matrices. The derived results approach laboratory standards.
Some people claim a close relationship between battery conductivity (ohmic values) and capacity. Others say that internal ohmic readings are of little practical use and have no relation to capacity. To demonstrate the relationship between resistance and capacity, Cadex Electronics has carried out an extensive test involving 175 automotive batteries in which the cold cranking amps (CCA) were compared with the RC readings. CCA represents the conductivity of the battery and is closely related with the internal resistance.
Figure 6 shows the test results. The CCA readings are plotted on the vertical Y-axis and the RC on the horizontal X-axis. For ease of reading, the batteries are plotted as a percentage of their nominal value and are arranged from low-to-high on the X-axis.
Figure 6: CCA as a function of reserve capacity (RC).
Internal resistance (represented by CCA) and capacity do not follow the red line closely and fail to provide accurate capacity readings.
When measuring the internal resistance of brand new VRLA cells from the same batch, variations of 8% between cells are common. Manufacturing process and materials used contribute to the discrepancies. Rather than relying on an absolute resistance reading, service technicians are asked to take a snapshot of the cell resistances when the laptop battery is installed and then measure the subtle changes as the cells age. A 25% increase in resistance over the baseline indicates a performance drop from 100% to about 80%. Battery manufacturers honor warranty replacements if the internal resistance increases by 50%.
Before analyzing the different test methods, let's briefly brush up on internal resistance and impedance, terms that are often used incorrectly when addressing the conductivity of a battery.
Resistance is purely resistive and has no reactance. There is no trailing phase shift because the voltage and current are in unison. A heating element is such a pure resistive load. It works equally well with direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC).
Most electrical loads, including the inspiron e1405 battery, contain a component of reactance. The reactive part of the load varies with frequency. For example, the capacitive reactance of a capacitor decreases with rising frequency. A capacitor is an insulator to DC and no current can pass through. The inductor, on the other hand, acts in the opposite way and its reactance increases with rising frequency. DC presents an electrical short. A battery combines ohmic resistance, as well as capacitive and inductive reactance. The term impedance represents all three types.
The battery may be viewed as a set of electrical elements. Figure 1 illustrates Randles' basic lead-acid battery model in terms of resistors and a capacitor (R1, R2 and C). The inductive reactance is commonly omitted because it plays a negligible role in a battery at low frequency.
Figure 1: Randles model of a lead acid battery.
The overall inspiron 1545 battery resistance consists of pure ohmic resistance, as well as inductive and capacitive reactance. The values of these components are different for every battery tested.
Battery rapid test methods and how they work
Let's now look at the different battery test methods and evaluate their strengths and limitations. It is important to know that each method provides a different internal resistance reading when measured on the same inspiron 640m battery. Neither reading is right or wrong. For example, a cell may read higher resistance readings with the DC load method than with a 1000-hertz AC signal. This simply implies that the battery performs better on an AC than DC load. Manufacturers accept all variations as long as the readings are taken with the same type of instrument.DC load method: The pure ohmic measurement is one of the oldest and most reliable test methods. The instrument applies a load lasting a few seconds. The load current ranges from 25-70 amperes, depending on battery size. The drop in voltage divided by the current provides the resistance value. The readings are very accurate and repeatable. Manufacturers claim resistance readings in the 10 micro-ohm range. During the test, the unit heats up and some cooling will be needed between measurements on continuous use.
Figure 2:DC load method.
The true integrity of the Randles model cannot be seen. R1 and R2 appear as one ohmic value.
AC conductance method: Instead of a DC load, the instrument injects an AC signal into the inspiron e1505 battery. A frequency of between 80-100 hertz is chosen to minimize the reactance. At this frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactance converges, resulting in a minimal voltage lag. Manufacturers of AC conductance equipment claim battery resistance readings to the 50 micro-ohm range. AC conductance gained momentum in 1992; the instruments are small and do not heat up during use.
Figure 3: AC conductance method.
The individual components of the Randles model cannot be distinguished and appear as a blur.
Multi-frequency electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS): Cadex Electronics has developed a rapid-test method based on EIS. Called Spectro, the instrument injects 24 excitation frequencies ranging from 20-2000 Hertz. The sinusoidal signals are regulated at 10mV/cell to remain within the thermal battery voltage of lead acid. This allows consistent readings for small and large batteries.
Figure 4: Spectro method.
R1, R2 and C can be measured separately, enabling the estimation of battery conductivity and capacity
Spectro is the most complex of the three methods. The 20-second test processes 40 million transactions. The instrument is capable of reading to a very low micro-ohms level. With stored matrices as reference, Spectro is capable of providing gk479 , fk890 battery capacity in Ah, conductivity (CCA) and state-of-charge.
The EIS concept is not new. In the past, EIS systems were hooked up to dedicated computers and diverse laboratory equipment. Trained electrochemists were required to interpret the data. Advancements in data analysis automated this process and high-speed signal processors shrunk the technology into a handheld device.
Capacity measurements
DC load and AC conductance have one major limitation in that these methods cannot measure capacity. With the growing demand of auxiliary power on cars and trucks and the need to assess performance of stationary batteries non-invasively, testers are needed that can estimate battery capacity. Cadex has succeeded in doing this with car batteries. The company is working on applying this technology to stationary batteries.Figure 5 reveals the reserve capacity (RC) readings of 24 car batteries, arranged from low to high on the horizontal axis. The batteries were first tested according to the SAE J537 standard, which includes a full charge, a rest period and a 25A discharge to 1.75V/cell during which the reserve capacity was measured (black diamonds). The tests were then repeated with Spectro (purple squares) using battery-specific matrices. The derived results approach laboratory standards.
Some people claim a close relationship between battery conductivity (ohmic values) and capacity. Others say that internal ohmic readings are of little practical use and have no relation to capacity. To demonstrate the relationship between resistance and capacity, Cadex Electronics has carried out an extensive test involving 175 automotive batteries in which the cold cranking amps (CCA) were compared with the RC readings. CCA represents the conductivity of the battery and is closely related with the internal resistance.
Figure 6 shows the test results. The CCA readings are plotted on the vertical Y-axis and the RC on the horizontal X-axis. For ease of reading, the batteries are plotted as a percentage of their nominal value and are arranged from low-to-high on the X-axis.
Figure 6: CCA as a function of reserve capacity (RC).
Internal resistance (represented by CCA) and capacity do not follow the red line closely and fail to provide accurate capacity readings.
2011年4月2日星期六
Related technologies of digital battery
As the battery built-in smart chip digital, intelligent charger with data exchange, enabling the battery type identification, the remaining capacity and cycle number display functions, greatly improving the performance and battery life. Intelligent series of nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen battery series of intelligent and intelligent series of lithium-ion batteries will be an important direction of development. But the intelligent and non intelligent series of nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen battery series will coexist for some time, until the intelligent battery completely replace the non-intelligent battery. Therefore, the development of digital batteries begin as early as possible in order to raise as much as possible the level of China's battery industry, to do with foreign synchronization. Search through a large number of digital cell research abroad, information, and with relevant experts and manufacturers to discuss, I believe that research and development of digital batteries,studio xps 16 battery , studio xps 1640 battery should focus on the following areas:
(1) digital battery standards. Digital Battery abroad have formed a certain industry standards, such as digital control equipment, batteries and other communication protocol. To our digital battery compatibility, we must fully understand the relevant standard protocol, if worked out our own sound system standard, it will be more conducive to the development of digital cell research and a series of products. If there is a unified digital protocol, battery manufacturers can develop their own or commissioned by other companies developing digital battery, less investment and quick, but also improve the value for battery products. Digital single studio 15 battery ,studio 1435 battery protocols will help them to reduce product variety, the relative increase output and reduce prices accordingly. Digital single cell of the relevant agreement will benefit manufacturers in the market to achieve win-win situation.
(2) nickel-cadmium, nickel hydrogen batteries and lithium ion batteries and other characteristics of the battery. Only the characteristics of these batteries have a detailed understanding, we can detect its various performance indicators and control, digital battery provide first-hand information, but also for intelligent charge controllers and other related electronic equipment provide a reference design and development.
(3) digital battery of dynamic data acquisition and processing technology. Mainly on the battery voltage, current, temperature and other data acquisition, digital quantify, come to the exact voltage, capacity, resistance, temperature data is displayed on the LCD, or for communications transmission.
(4) data communications technology. Data communication is to achieve an important battery of digital content, the existing number of foreign communications of its standard battery: SMBusV2.0. After a battery of dynamic data processing, according to a standard format to send the driver through the interface with other electronic devices through (or host) CPU for a steady stream of data transmission, if the battery system is digital, the host can take the current status of the studio 1436 battery ,studio 1535 battery measures.
(5) Intelligent Digital Battery charge control technology. Matched with the digital smart battery charging technology must be able to communicate with the digital and automatic battery fast charging control. At present, the charger has advanced digital technology, intelligence, the various operations by the microprocessor charger to complete, to achieve cell types to determine, according to the user asked to select the charge current, a variety of methods to determine filled with a variety of protective measures Charging the battery capacity display, multiple simultaneous or sequential charging the battery, the battery is full of sound and light tips and other functions, can be a constant current charging, constant current constant voltage negative pulse supplemented by the drop-down approach can increase the battery maintenance, improved by maintaining the battery life of the battery and AC adapter can be used to directly power mobile electronic devices.
Battery is the power of digital development and application of the second of a new subject, the advantages of digital are also other non-battery digital batteries can not match its research development and application, not only will inject new vitality into the battery industry, but will It provides a lot of production and living convenience, has important practical significance.
(1) digital battery standards. Digital Battery abroad have formed a certain industry standards, such as digital control equipment, batteries and other communication protocol. To our digital battery compatibility, we must fully understand the relevant standard protocol, if worked out our own sound system standard, it will be more conducive to the development of digital cell research and a series of products. If there is a unified digital protocol, battery manufacturers can develop their own or commissioned by other companies developing digital battery, less investment and quick, but also improve the value for battery products. Digital single studio 15 battery ,studio 1435 battery protocols will help them to reduce product variety, the relative increase output and reduce prices accordingly. Digital single cell of the relevant agreement will benefit manufacturers in the market to achieve win-win situation.
(2) nickel-cadmium, nickel hydrogen batteries and lithium ion batteries and other characteristics of the battery. Only the characteristics of these batteries have a detailed understanding, we can detect its various performance indicators and control, digital battery provide first-hand information, but also for intelligent charge controllers and other related electronic equipment provide a reference design and development.
(3) digital battery of dynamic data acquisition and processing technology. Mainly on the battery voltage, current, temperature and other data acquisition, digital quantify, come to the exact voltage, capacity, resistance, temperature data is displayed on the LCD, or for communications transmission.
(4) data communications technology. Data communication is to achieve an important battery of digital content, the existing number of foreign communications of its standard battery: SMBusV2.0. After a battery of dynamic data processing, according to a standard format to send the driver through the interface with other electronic devices through (or host) CPU for a steady stream of data transmission, if the battery system is digital, the host can take the current status of the studio 1436 battery ,studio 1535 battery measures.
(5) Intelligent Digital Battery charge control technology. Matched with the digital smart battery charging technology must be able to communicate with the digital and automatic battery fast charging control. At present, the charger has advanced digital technology, intelligence, the various operations by the microprocessor charger to complete, to achieve cell types to determine, according to the user asked to select the charge current, a variety of methods to determine filled with a variety of protective measures Charging the battery capacity display, multiple simultaneous or sequential charging the battery, the battery is full of sound and light tips and other functions, can be a constant current charging, constant current constant voltage negative pulse supplemented by the drop-down approach can increase the battery maintenance, improved by maintaining the battery life of the battery and AC adapter can be used to directly power mobile electronic devices.
Battery is the power of digital development and application of the second of a new subject, the advantages of digital are also other non-battery digital batteries can not match its research development and application, not only will inject new vitality into the battery industry, but will It provides a lot of production and living convenience, has important practical significance.
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